The Food Quality and Safety Group at Miguel Hernández University, Elche, have revealed in a recent study carried out with capsules containing pomegranate skin extract that
The Mollar Elche variety of pomegranate has 10 times more antioxidant capacity in its skin than in its edible interior.
• The project “Granatum Europa”, in collaboration with Miguel Hernández University, promotes the consumption of the pomegranate and derived products which triple the antioxidant power of green tea or red wine.
• For the first time, products made from Mollar Elche pomegranates cultivated in Spain will be made available to Spanish consumers.
• The pomegranate is a great source of vitamin C and E and potassium, as well as containing the polyphenols responsible for its high level of antioxidant activity.
• At 40,000 tonnes a year, 95% of the production of pomegranates in the European Union is concentrated in Alicante.
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Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Juice Supplementation Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Necrosis in Rats.
Jadeja RN, Thounaojam MC, Patel DK, Devkar RV, Ramachandran AV.
Division of Phytotherapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M S University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, GJ, India.
The pomegranate extract possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities linked to the presence of anthocyanins, ellagic tannins, and hydrolyzable tannins. Recent researches show that the pomegranate polyphenols are important in preventing cardiovascular diseases and significantly decrease the thickness of the carotid intima-media. Furthermore, a high decrease in blood pressure, process of atherosclerosis, and its ability to increase HDL cholesterol were observed. Clinical studies show its effectiveness against certain cancers, particularly prostate cancer. The efficacy of pomegranate juice is mainly due to its high bioavailability compared to other polyphenols such as resveratrol.
The antioxidant activity of pomegranate juices was evaluated by four different methods (ABTS, DPPH, DMPD, and FRAP) and compared to those of red wine and a green tea infusion. Commercial pomegranate juices showed an antioxidant activity (18-20 TEAC) three times higher than those of red wine and green tea (6-8 TEAC). The activity was higher in commercial juices extracted from whole pomegranates than in experimental juices obtained from the arils only (12-14 TEAC). HPLCDAD and HPLC-MS analyses of the juices revealed that commercial juices contained thepomegranate tannin punicalagin (1500-1900 mg/L) while only traces of this compound were detected in the experimental juice obtained from arils in the laboratory. This shows that pomegranate industrial processing extracts some of the hydrolyzable tannins present in the fruit rind. This could account for the higher antioxidant activity of commercial juices compared to the experimental ones. In addition, anthocyanins, ellagic acid derivatives, and hydrolyzable tannins were detected and quantified in the pomegranate juices.
Antioxidant activities of freeze-dried preparations of a 70% acetone extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and its three major anthocyanidins (delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin) were evaluated. Free radical scavenging activities were examined using an ESR technique with spin trapping; DMPO for hydroxyl (OH) and superoxide (O2-) radicals; and [(MGD)2Fe2+] for nitric oxide (NO). Inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation were estimated by the levels of malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals in rat brain homogenates. Pomegranate extract exhibited scavenging activity against OH and O2-. Anthocyanidins inhibited a Fenton reagent âOH generating system possibly by chelating with ferrous ion. Anthocyanidins scavenged O2- in a dose-dependent manner. The ID50 values of delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin were 2.4, 22, and 456 μM, respectively. In contrast, anthocyanidins did not effectively scavenge NO. Anthocyanidins inhibited H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat brain homogenates. The ID50 values of delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin for them were 0.7, 3.5, and 85 μM, respectively. These findings suggest that the above anthocyanidins contribute to the antioxidant activity of pomegranate fruits.
The antioxidant and eicosanoid enzyme inhibition properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum) fermented juice and seed oil flavonoids were studied. The pomegranate fermented juice (pfj) and cold pressed seed oil (pcpso) showed strong antioxidant activity close to that of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and green tea (Thea sinensis), and significantly greater than that of red wine (Vitis 6itifera). Flavonoids extracted from pcpso showed 31–44% inhibition of sheep cyclooxygenase and 69–81% inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase. Flavonoids extracted from The pomegranate fermented juice showed 21–30% inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase though no significant inhibition of sheep cyclooxygenase. The pcpso was analyzed for its polyphenol content and fatty acid composition. Total polyphenols in pcpso showed a concentration by weight of approximately 0.015%. Pcpso fatty acid composition showed punicic acid (65.3%) along with palmitic acid (4.8%), stearic acid (2.3%), oleic acid (6.3%), linoleic acid (6.6%) and three unidentified peaks from which two (14.2%) are probably isomers of punicic acid (El-Shaarawy, M.I., Nahpetian, A., 1983).
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits are widely consumed as juice (PJ). The potent antioxidant and anti-atherosclerotic activities of pomegranate juice are attributed to its polyphenols including punicalagin, the major fruit ellagitannin, and ellagic acid (EA). Punicalagin is the major antioxidant polyphenol ingredient in pomegranate juice. Punicalagin, EA, a standardized total pomegranate tannin (TPT) extract and pomegranate juice were evaluated for in vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities. Punicalagin, EA and TPT were evaluated for antiproliferative activity at 12.5–100 Ag/ml on human oral (KB, CAL27), colon (HT-29, HCT116, SW480, SW620) and prostate (RWPE-1, 22Rv1) tumor cells. Punicalagin, EA and TPT were evaluated at 100 Ag/ml concentrations for apoptotic effects and at 10 Ag/ml concentrations for antioxidant properties. However, to evaluate the synergistic and/or additive contributions from other pomegranate juice phytochemicals, pomegranate juice was tested at concentrations normalized to deliver equivalent amounts of punicalagin (w/w). Apoptotic effects were evaluated against the HT-29 and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines. Antioxidant effects were evaluated using inhibition of lipid peroxidation and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Pomegranate juice showed greatest antiproliferative activity against all cell lines by inhibiting proliferation from 30% to 100%. At 100 Ag/ml, PJ, EA, punicalagin and TPT induced apoptosis in HT-29 colon cells. However, in the HCT116 colon cells, EA, punicalagin and TPT but not pomegranate juice induced apoptosis. The trend in antioxidant activity was PJ>TPT>punicalagin>EA. The superior bioactivity of pomegranate juice compared to its purified polyphenols illustrated the multifactorial effects and chemical synergy of the action of multiple compounds compared to single purified active ingredients.
The antioxidant activity of pomegranate juices was evaluated by four different methods (ABTS, DPPH, DMPD, and FRAP) and compared to those of red wine and a green tea infusion. Commercial pomegranate juices showed an antioxidant activity (18-20 TEAC) three times higher than those of red wine and green tea (6-8 TEAC).
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation contributes to the attenuation of macrophage cholesterol accumulation, foam-cell formation and atherosclerosis. Evidence suggests that nutritional antioxidants such as pomegranate juice (PJ) can contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress and atherogenesis.
Summary Dietary supplementation with polyphenolic antioxidants to animals was shown to be associated with inhibition of LDL oxidation and macrophage foam cell formation, and attenuation of atherosclerosis development. We investigated the effects of pomegranate juice (PJ, which contains potent tannins and anthocyanins) consumption by atherosclerotic patients with carotid artery stenosis (CAS) on the progression of carotid lesions and changes in oxidative stress and blood pressure.
Background: Dietary supplementation with nutrients rich in antioxidants is associated with inhibition of atherogenic modifications to LDL, macrophage foam cell formation, and atherosclerosis. Pomegranates are a source of polyphenols and other antioxidants. Objective: We analyzed, in healthy male volunteers and in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E–deficient (E0) mice, the effect of pomegranate juice consumption on lipoprotein oxidation, aggregation, and retention; macrophage atherogenicity; platelet aggregation; and atherosclerosis.
Conclusions:We report the first clinical trial of pomegranate juice in patients with prostate cancer. The statistically significant prolongation of PSA doubling time, coupled with corresponding laboratory effects on prostate cancer in vitro cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as oxidative stress, warrant further testing in a placebo-controlled study. Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is currently the most common malignancy in men in the United States comprising 29% of all cancers. This year an estimated 232,090 men will be newly diagnosed with prostate cancer (1). There has been a trend toward improved survival in prostate cancer over the past several years. Prostate cancer 5-year survival.
All the pomegranate tree parts contain polyphenols and possess antioxidant activities. The tannins from bark and stem were most potent.
All the pomegranate fruit parts contain polyphenols and possess antioxidant activity. The fruit membrane anthocyanins and tannins were the most potent fruit antioxidants.
Pomegranate juice contains the highest concentration of total polyphenols, in comparison to other fruit juices studied. The pomegranate juice polyphenols were found to be the most powerful antioxidants.
